The 80/20 Rule

The 80/ 20 rule for retail is actually a series of rules, or guidelines to how and where your inventory shrink comes from. Once you drill down to see what is actually driving your shrink, you have the ability to implement much more efficient anti theft and anti shrink strategies.

The first part of evaluating the 80/ 20 rule is to determine a generalization of how your store is incurring losses. There are three main areas of shrink loss that all shrink can be categorized as. They are Internal, External and Operational shrink. As a rule of thumb, internal shrink is explained as asset losses intentionally carried out by an employee of the store. Employees who are stealing merchandise drive internal shrink.

Operational shrink, on the other hand, is merchandise losses carried out by an employee unintentionally. These are the store’s operational errors that end up causing losses. Did an employee accidentally miss an item when they checked a customer out? Did an employee pull some glass cleaner from the shelf to clean their workstation, but not record it on a store use log? Did an employee break an item of merchandise beyond repair and threw it in the trash without letting anyone know?

These are all everyday examples of how an employee can unintentionally cause losses. These are not theft related actions that we would arrest and prosecute and employee for, but the end result is still the same. We are now showing missing merchandise and our bottom line has suffered from the shrink loss. Unidentified items missing from freight shipments also fall into this category.

External shrink losses are created by anyone outside of the company. These are non-employees who steal our products- the shoplifters. The average shoplifter steals much less per incident than an employee does. Even if you have a higher frequency of shoplifters in your store, employee theft will still outweigh the losses caused by shoplifters over time.

While it is really up to you to determine the actual breakdown in your store, most retailers average about 40% of their losses from internal theft, 40% from operational errors, leaving only 20% to external theft. Obviously these numbers can change based upon your location, kinds of goods sold, and staffing sizes. Overall, these numbers equate to about 80% of your shrink is derived in house (by your employees), and 20% comes form external sources.

Next you want to drill down even further into your losses by looking at departments, and the individual items that are being stolen. Ideally you want to have an inventory system that allows you SKU level accuracy. By drilling down to the actual item number that is shrinking out, you can create an action plan suited specifically to that item. At the very least, you should know which departments and product assortments are the highest losses.

Once you determine your highest shrink items, you should know the quantity and/ or dollar amount lost. You can then put your efforts into where the biggest losses are. You might be loosing 100 packs of gum that cost $1.00 each, or you could loose one handbag worth $200. Frequency versus actual dollar amount lost might dictate a closer eye on your handbags, than the multiple losses in packs of gum.

By taking a look at the highest dollar losses, you should see that about 80% of your total shrink losses are coming from only about the top 20% of your shrink items. This drill down approach further streamlines your anti shrink strategies. Now, instead of focusing on every little loss that occurs in your store, you can focus on only the top items. By creating feasible reduction strategies on only those items, you can create a significant reduction in your store’s overall shrink losses.